Index Sonderband 26

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Peter Clarke , History, School of Humanities, University of Southampton, Southhampton
S017 l BJ, England
Gerhard Jarit􀄕 Department of Meclieval Stuclies, Central European University, Nador
utca 9, 1051 Budapest, Hungary, and Institut für Realienkunde, Austrian Academy
of Sciences, Körnermarkt 13, 3500 Krems, Austria
Torstein ]9rgensen, Centre for Meclieval Stuclies, University of Bergen, P.O. BOX 7805,
5020 Bergen, Norway, and School of Mission & Theology, Misjonsmarka 12,
4024 Stavanger, Norway
Etleva Lala, Fakulteti i Shkcncave Humane (Faculty of Humanities), University of Elbasan,
Rruga Rinia, 3000 Elbasan, Albania
Ne/la Lonza, Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU (Croatian Academy of Seiences and
Arts, The Institute of Historical Sciences), Lapadska obala 6, 20 000 Dubrovnik,
Croatia
Ana Marinkovic, Filozofski fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu (Universiry of Zagreb, Faculty
of Hwnanities and Socia1 Sciences), Ivana Luciea 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia, and
Department of Medieval Stuclies, Central European University, Nador utca 9,
1051 Budapest, Hungaty
Gordan Ravan!ic, Hrvatski institut za povijest (Croatian Institute of Histoty), Opaticka
10, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Kirsi Salonen, Historiatieteen ja ftlosofian laitos (Department of History and Philosophy),
Kanslerinrinae 1 , 33014 Tampeteen yliopisto, Finland
VIOLENCE AND THE MEDIEVAL CLERGY
CEU MEDIEVALIA 16
MEDIUM AEVUM QUOTIDIANUM
Sonderband 26 (201 0)
Series Editor: J6zsef Laszlovszky
Series Teclmical Editor: Annabella Pal
Violence and the Medieval Clergy
Edited by
Gerhard J aritz
and
Ana Marinkovic
Medium Aevum Quotidianum
Krems/Donau
&
Centtal European University
Department of Medieval Studies
&
Centtal European University Press
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Budapest, 2011
© Editors and Contributors 2011
Ist edition
Technical Editor: Gerlurd Ja ritz
Copy Editor: Judith Rasson
Cover design for the series by Peter T6th
Cover Illustration:
Trec of Vices (detail), th.ird quartcr 13″‚ cenrury, Austria.
Vicnna, Austrian National Library, cod. 12538, fol. 13r
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Violence and thc Mcdieval Clergy / edited by Gcrhard Jaritz, Ana Marinkovic- Ist ed.
p. cm. — (CEU medievalia; 16)
Papers from the workshop „Coping with violencc, and the mcdicval clcrgy (from thc local settlement of
dispure to approach.ing the Papal Penitentiary),“ held at Dubrovnik in 2008.
I ncludes bibliographical refcrcnces and index.
ISBN 978-6155053269 (pbk.)
1. Violencee–Religious aspects–Catholic Church–History–To 1500–Congresscs. 2. Catholic ChurchEuropc–
Cicrgy–History–To 1500–Congresses. 3. Church history–Middle Ages, 600-1500–Congresses.
!. Jaritz, Gerhard, 1949- 1!. Marinkovic, Ana.
BX1069.5.V56 2011
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2010052375
Printed in Hungary by Akaprint Kft., Budapcst
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Peter Clarke, The Meclieval Clergy and Violence: An Historiographical Introduction . . . . 3
Kirsi Salonen, The Apostolic Penitentiary and Violence in the Roman Curia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Torstein jorgemen, „Killings, Unfortunately, Take Place More Often Here than
Anywhere Else:“ Civil and Clerical Homicide in Late Meclieval Norway . . . . . . . 29
Etleva Lo/a, Violence and the Clergy in Late Meclieval Albania:
with and without the Penitenriary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Gerhard Jmitt The Bread-Knife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Gordan Ravanfif, Sacred Space, Violence and Public Law 111 the Cloisters
of the Franciscan and Dominican Hauses ofDubrovnik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Ne/la Lonza, The Priest Barbius and His Crime before the State and Church
Authorities of Meclieval Dubrovnik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
PREFACE
Studies of the Apostolic Penitentiary and its role and function for all strata of
late medieval society have become an important field of research at tbe international
Ievel. The requests of Christians for grace to be granred by the papal curia offer information
about a variety of problems and needs that confronred both clerics and laypeople
and made petitions to rhe pope necessary or, at least, advisable.
Since 2001, the Department of Medieval Studies of Central European University
has been concentrating on comparative researcb in the East Central European dara
of the Penitentiary Registers. This has led to intensive cooperation with other scholars
in the field, to a number of international meetings and the publication of their results.1
The most recent of these workshops was held in Dubrovnik in 2008 and dealt with a
research question for which rhe Penitentiary registers contain rich material: „Coping
wirb Violence, and the Medieval Clergy (from the Local Settlement of Dispute to Approaching
the 1\postolic Penitentiary).“
In recent decades research into violence in the Middle Ages has seen a particular
boom. In a !arge number of studies historians discovered that violence was omnipresent
in medieval society and affected all areas of life and the members of all social
strata. Although one has to be careful with such generalizations, it can be stated that the
survivi.ng sources deal regularly with issues of violent actions, signs and results of violence,
violent people and coping with violence. Members of the clergy played an important
role in recordi.ng such evidence – as weiters about violence and critics of violence,
but also as perpetrators, victims, and witnesses. However, systematic analyses of
the patterns of behaviour and the different functions and actions of clerics on these
issues have not yet been realized often in a context-bound and comparative way. The
Dubrovnik workshop aimed to contribute towards changing this situation and offer a
forum to discuss questions about the various roles of medieval clerics in the attempts
The results of meetings at Bergen (2003) and Budapest (2004) were published in Gerhard Jaritz,
Torstern J0rgensen and Kirsi Salonen (ed.), The Lang Arm of Papal Authority. Late Medieva/
Chnsllan Peripheriesand Their Commumcation wllh the Holy See, CEU Medievalia 8 (Budapest and
New York: Central European University Press, 2005); selected papers of a workshop at Rome (2005)
may be found in iidem (ed.), … et usque ad ultimum terrac The Apostolic Penitentiary in Local
Contexts, CEU Medievalia 10 (Budapest and New York: Central European University Press, 2007).
2 PREFACE
and processes designed to cope with violence. Particular emphasis was put on the function
of the Apostolic Penitentiary and its decisions in th.is context. This volume contains
selected contributions from the meeting.
In his introductory paper, Peter Clarke offers an overview of the state of the
art of research into the connection of the clergy and violence in the :Middle J\ges. Kirsi
Salonen concentrates on violence at the Roman curia and its reflection in the Perutentiary
records. Torstein ]0rgensen and Etleva Lala deal with violence and the clergy in
two peripheral areas of medieval Western Christianity, namely, Norway and Albania,
and also include Penitentiary evidence in their analysis. Gerhard Ja ritz sn1dies the role of
one important object in the violence-bound argumentation of the supplicants to rhe
Penitentiary: the short bread-knife that was allowed to be carried by everyone and did
not count as a weapon, but seems to have been used regularly as such. Gordan Ravancic
and Nella Lonza offer analyses of problems of violence occurring in the clerical space of
medieval Dubrovnik.
November, 2011 Gerhard Jaritz (Budapest and Kl:ems)
Ana Marinkovic (Budapest and Zagreb)
Alessio, bishop of, 51
Alexander III, Pope, 12
Ambrose, Saint, 4
Amiens, 69
Anabaptists, 5 6
Andreas Hungarus, Archbishop of Bar,
51
Arabs, 3
Arbanum, bishop of, 51
Aristotle, 4
Arras, diocese, 21
Augsburg, 55
auditor, 35
Augustine, Saint, 4, 5
Avignon, 51
Bar, archbishop of, 51, 53, 54
archdiocese, 49, 50, 51
Bari, archbishop of, 87
Bertinoro, bishop of, 42
Besanc;;on, diocese, 25
Bloch, Mare, 3
bloodshed, 21
Bologna, 12, 26
Bonaventura of Parma, Archbishop of
Dubrovnik, 84
Boniface VIII, Pope, 78
botamäl, 30, 31, 32
botamann, 3 1 , 32, 33, 36
Bourges, diocese, 25
Bracton, Henry de, 1 3
INDEX
bread-knife, 55-65
Bullinger, Heinrich, 56
Burgos, diocese, 26, 27
Calandrini, Philippus, Cardinal Penitentiary,
24, 26
Calixtus III, Pope, 58
Cambrai, diocese, 22
Camin, diocese, 60, 62
Canorusts, 7, 8, 12, 1 3
Canon Law, 9 , 1 8, 1 9
Canterbury, diocese, 8
Chartres, bishop of, 7
Clarendon, 10, 1 2
Clement V, Pope, 8
Clermont, 7
Cologne, archdiocese, 58
Compositio Tunbergenssi , 43
Constance, diocese, 58
Constantine, Emperor, 1 0
Cons titutions of Clarendon, 10, 1 2
Council of Bar, 49, 51
Council of Clermont, 7
Council of Lyon, Second, 1 4
Council o f N arbonne, 6
Crusade, First, 7
Dagno, bishop of, 51
decretists, 12
Decretalia, 57
Decretum Gratiani, 8, 10, 1 1 , 12
Drivast, bishop of, 51
94
drunkenness, 60
Dubrovnik, 67-75; 77-89
Archbishop of, 52, 69, 7 1 , 84, 86
Benedictine nunneries, 77, 78
Don1Ullcans, 70, 73
F ranciscans, 70-73
Poor Clares, 70, 7 1 , 78
Eugene IV, Pope, 58
Jorum intemum, 42
fredlejDp, 33, 45
frendebot, 33, 45
Galeottus de Oddis, regent of the
Penitentiary, 27
General Peace for Bavaria, 56
Geronna, diocese, 25
Gratian, 5, 8, 10, 1 1 , 1 2
Gregory IX, Pope, 57
gridsbrev, 32, 33
hatred, 26, 27
Havelberg, diocese, 64
Henry II, English King, 10, 1 1 , 1 2, 1 3
Henry III, English King, 1 3
Henry III, German Emperor, 6
Huguccio, 8
Hutterites, 56
Innocent VIII, Pope, 58
inquisition, 84
instigation of the Devil, 26, 49
Islam, 51
Israelites, 4
Jon the Red, Archbishop of Nidaros,
43
Joshua, 4
Judas Maccabeus, 4
Justinian, Emperor, 1 1
Kessler, J ohannes, 56
knife, 55-65
knife laws, 55
Kotor, bishop of, 53
INDEX
kvitteri11gsbrev, 32
Landislaw, 3 1
/andsvz!tbrev, 32, 33, 45
Lateran Council
Second, 8, 1 9
Fourth, 51, 84
Le Puy, bishop of, 6
Lerida, diocese, 25
Lezha, bishop of, 53
I.iber Extra, 39
Liege, diocese, 22, 58, 6 1 , 63
/ittera ecxclesiae, 3 5
Lyon, 14
Magnus the Lawmender, King of
Norway, 3 1 , 43
Magyars, 3
Mainz, archbishop of, 5
archdiocese, 58
meals, 61
moderamen ratione instrumenti-princip!e,
40
Muslims, 7 , 51
Mylopotamos, bishop of, 42
Narbonne, 6
Nicholas I, Pope, 5
Nicholas V, Pope, 58
Nidaros, archdiocese, 34, 40, 43
nidingsdrap, 30
Novara, diocese, 26
Olav, Saint, 43
Old Testament, 4
ordinan·us, 35
Oslo,
bishop of, 28, 44
diocese, 37
Ottomans, 47, 48, 53, 54
Palencia, diocese, 24, 26
patristic thought, 4
Paul II, Pope, 58
Peace of God, 6, 7
pilgrimage, 9, 43
Pius II, Pope, 1 7, 20, 58
presbytericidium, 49
privilegium canonis, 9, 1 5
privilegiumfori, 9, 10, 1 1 , 12, 15, 30, 42,
43
proctor, 24
Ragusa, sec Dubrovnik
Ratisbon, 5
Ratzeburg, diocese, 63
Refonnation, 56
Ridemann, Peter, 56
Robert, King of France, 6
Rome, 9
relics, 6
Reuter, Timothy, 5
Rufinus, 8, 1 2
Sabbata, 56
Saint Malo, diocese, 27
Salamanca, diocese, 2 1 , 25, 26
Salzburg, archdiocese, 58
Schwerin, diocese, 59, 62
Serbian Orthodoxy, 48
Shasi, bishop of, 50
Shkodra, 49
Signoria, 53
Sixtus IV, Pope, 58
Skanderbeg, George Kastrioti, 47
Split, 71
Stavanger, diocese, 38
Stephen, English King, 1 1
Stephen ofTournai, 1 2
Synod of Ratisbon, 5
Tarazona, diocese, 25
tegngjeld, 33, 45
Telemark, 44
Ten Commandments, 3
thing, 32
INDEX
Thomas Aquinas, 8
Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury,
8, 10, 1 1 , 1 2
Tortosa, diocese, 25
Tours, 25
T0nsberg Concordat, 43
Truce of God, 6, 7
Turks, 48
ubotamä/, 30, 31, 32
ubotamann, 33, 36
Upper Telemark, 29
Urban II, Pope, 7
Urban V, Pope, 53
Utrecht, diocese, 58
Valence, diocese, 22
Valencia, diocese, 25
Vallombrosa, 7
Venetian Senate, 53
Venice, 81
Velletri, diocese, 21
verba inimiosia, 61
Vieh, diocese, 21
vigjysing, 3 1
Vikings, 3 , 5
vim vi repellendo, 39, 57
vis /icita, 39
war, 3, 4, 47
holy, 4
just, 4
William I, English King, I I
95